Page 297 - MEGIN Book Of Abstracts - 2023

United States; UCB-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineer- Non-negative Matrix Factorization Reveals Resting-
ing, University of California, Berkeley, United States; Medical State Cortical Alpha Network Abnormalities in the
Science Training Program, University of California, San Fran- First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum (2020)
cisco, United States; San Francisco Veterans' Affairs Medical
Center, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Phalen, Henry; Coffman, Brian A; Ghuman, Avniel;
California, San Francisco, United States Sejdić, Ervin; Salisbury, Dean F

ABSTRACT Schizophrenia is a neurocognitive illness Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh,
characterized by behavioral and neural impairments Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Clinical Neurophysiology Research
in both early auditory processing and higher order Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University
verbal working memory. Previously we have shown of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
intervention-specific cognitive performance improve- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurodynamics, Department of
ments with computerized, targeted training of audi- Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of
tory processing (AT) when compared to a computer Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Electri-
games (CG) control intervention that emphasized visual cal and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh,
processing. To investigate spatiotemporal changes in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Clinical Neurophysiology Research
patterns of neural activity specific to the AT interven- Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University
tion, the current study used magnetoencephalography of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
(MEG) imaging to derive induced high gamma band Electronic address: salisburyd@upmc.edu
oscillations (HGO) during auditory encoding, before
and after 50 h (∼10 weeks) of exposure to either the BACKGROUND Little is known about neural oscillatory
AT or CG intervention. During stimulus encoding, AT dynamics in first-episode psychosis. Pathophysiology of
intervention-specific changes in high gamma activity functional connectivity can be measured through net-
occurred in left middle frontal and left middle-superior work activity of alpha oscillations, reflecting long-range
temporal cortices. In contrast, CG intervention-specific communication between distal brain regions.
changes were observed in right medial frontal and
supramarginal gyri during stimulus encoding, and in METHODS Resting magnetoencephalographic activ-
bilateral temporal cortices during response prepara- ity was collected from 31 individuals with first-episode
tion. These data reveal that, in schizophrenia, intensive schizophrenia spectrum psychosis and 22 healthy
exposure to either training of auditory processing or control individuals. Activity was projected to the
exposure to visuospatial activities produces signifi- realistic cortical surface, based on structural magnetic
cant but complementary patterns of cortical function resonance imaging. The first principal component of
plasticity within a distributed fronto-temporal network. activity in 40 Brodmann areas per hemisphere was Hil-
These results underscore the importance of delineating bert transformed within the alpha range. Non-negative
the specific neuroplastic effects of targeted behavioral matrix factorization was applied to single-trial alpha
interventions to ensure desired neurophysiological phase-locking values from all subjects to determine
changes and avoid unintended consequences on neu- alpha networks. Within networks, energy and entropy
ral system functioning. were compared.

Keywords: Cognitive training, Linguistic processing, Mag- RESULTS Four cortical alpha networks were pathologi-
netoencephalography, Neuroplasticity cal in individuals with first-episode schizophrenia spec-
trum psychosis. The networks involved the bilateral
Schizophrenia research (2020), Vol. 215 (31648842) (6 anterior and posterior cingulate; left auditory, medial
citations) temporal, and cingulate cortex; right inferior frontal gy-
rus and widespread areas; and right posterior parietal
cortex and widespread areas. Energy and entropy were

 ontents  Index 276
C