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work generates seizures in silico. We considered data OBJECTIVE Diagnostic challenges exist in the presur-
from 26 people with JME and 26 healthy controls. gical evaluation of patients with magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) negative cingulate epilepsy (CE) because
RESULTS We found that resting-state MEG functional of the heterogeneity in clinical semiology and lack of
networks from people with JME are characterized by a localizing findings on scalp electroencephalographic
higher propensity to generate seizures (i.e., higher BNI) (EEG) recordings. We aimed to examine the neuroimag-
than those from healthy controls. We found a classifica- ing characteristics in a consecutive cohort of patients
tion accuracy of 73%. with MRI-negative CE with a focus on two image
post-processing methods, including the MRI post-pro-
CONCLUSIONS The BNI framework is applicable to cessing morphometric analysis program (MAP) and [18]
MEG and was capable of differentiating people with F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-
epilepsy from healthy controls. MRI (PET/MRI) co-registration.
SIGNIFICANCE The BNI framework may be applied to METHODS Included in this retrospective study were
resting-state MEG to aid in epilepsy diagnosis. patients with MRI-negative CE who met the following
criteria: negative on preoperative MRI, invasive EEG
Keywords: Biomarker, Epilepsy diagnosis, Functional con- (iEEG) confirmed cingulate gyrus-onset seizures, surgi-
nectivity, Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, MEG, Phenomeno- cal resection of the cingulate gyrus with/without adja-
logical model cent cortex, and seizure-free for more than 12 months.
MAP and PET/MRI co-registration were performed and
Clinical neurophysiology: official journal of the investigated by comparison to ictal intracranial EEG
International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology findings. Other characteristics obtained from scalp EEG,
(2021), Vol. 132, No. 4 (33636607) (4 citations) magnetoencephalography (MEG), iEEG, and pathologi-
cal study were also reported.
Voxel-based morphometric MRI post-processing RESULTS Ten patients were included, of which eight
and PET/MRI co-registration reveal subtle were diagnosed with anterior CE, one with middle CE,
abnormalities in cingulate epilepsy (2021) and one with posterior CE. The semiology included fear,
embarrassment, vocalization, ictal pouting, asymmetric
Sun, Ke; Ren, Zhiwei; Yang, Dongju; Wang, Xueyuan; Yu, tonic posture, hypermotor, and automatism. Scalp EEG
Tao; Ni, Duanyu; Qiao, Liang; Xu, Cuiping; Gao, Runshi; revealed unilateral or bilateral frontal-temporal onset.
Lin, Yicong; Zhang, Xiating; Shang, Kun; Chen, Xin; MEG localized the dipoles correctly in one patient
Wang, Yajie; Zhang, Guojun (1/10). MAP detected subtle abnormalities in regions
concordant with iEEG onset in seven patients (7/10)
Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospi- while PET/MRI co-registration revealed focal concor-
tal, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of dant hypometabolism in five patients (5/10). Combin-
Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Bei- ing MAP with PET/MRI co-registration improved the
jing, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hos- detection rate to 90 % in this cohort. The pathology
pital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department was focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), including FCD type
of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, IIA in three, type IIB in three, and type I in four.
Beijing, China; Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of CONCLUSION MAP and PET/MRI co-registration show
Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical promising results in identifying subtle FCD abnormali-
University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: zgjxwyy@126. ties in CE with negative results on conventional MRI,
com which can be otherwise challenging. More importantly,
a combination of MRI post-processing and PET/MRI
ontents Index 161
C