Page 128 - MEGIN Book Of Abstracts - 2023

tionnelles, UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre age-matched controls in babble noise conditions but
de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Leenik Street, Brussels 1070, Belgium; not in other less challenging listening conditions (non-
Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, ULB-Hôpital speech noise or noiseless conditions); no such effect
Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, was seen in comparison with reading-level matched
Belgium; Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie controls. Overall, our results confirmed the finding of al-
translationnelles, UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Univer- tered neuronal basis of speech perception in noiseless
sité libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Leenik Street, Brussels 1070, and babble noise conditions in dyslexia compared with
Belgium; Department of Functional Neuroima ging, Service age-matched peers. However, the absence of alteration
of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre in comparison with reading-level matched controls
de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; BCBL, Basque Center on demonstrates that such alterations are associated with
Cognition, Brain and Language, San Sebastian 20009, Spain; reduced reading level, suggesting they are merely driv-
Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie transla- en by reduced reading experience rather than a cause
tionnelles, UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre of dyslexia. Finally, our result of altered hemispheric
de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Leenik Street, Brussels 1070, Belgium; lateralization of phrasal CTS in relation with altered
BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, San RAN abilities in severe dyslexia is in line with a temporal
Sebastian 20009, Spain; Laboratory of Neurophysiology and sampling deficit of speech at phrasal rate in dyslexia.
Movement Biomechanics, UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute,
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium Keywords: Cortical tracking of speech, Dyslexia, MEG,
Speech in noise
ABSTRACT Dyslexia is a frequent developmental
disorder in which reading acquisition is delayed and NeuroImage (2022), Vol. 253 (35259526) (2 citations)
that is usually associated with difficulties understand-
ing speech in noise. At the neuronal level, children with
dyslexia were reported to display abnormal cortical Reduced Theta Sampling in Infants at Risk for
tracking of speech (CTS) at phrasal rate. Here, we aimed Dyslexia across the Sensitive Period of Native
to determine if abnormal tracking relates to reduced Phoneme Learning (2022)
reading experience, and if it is modulated by the
severity of dyslexia or the presence of acoustic noise. Mittag, Maria; Larson, Eric; Taulu, Samu; Clarke, Maggie;
We included 26 school-age children with dyslexia, 26 Kuhl, Patricia K
age-matched controls and 26 reading-level matched
controls. All were native French speakers. Children's Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Wash-
brain activity was recorded with magnetoencepha- ington, Seattle, WA 98195-7988, USA; Department of Physics,
lography while they listened to continuous speech in University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7988, USA
noiseless and multiple noise conditions. CTS values
were compared between groups, conditions and hemi- ABSTRACT Research on children and adults with
spheres, and also within groups, between children with developmental dyslexia-a specific difficulty in learning
mild and severe dyslexia. Syllabic CTS was significantly to read and spell-suggests that phonological deficits in
reduced in the right superior temporal gyrus in children dyslexia are linked to basic auditory deficits in temporal
with dyslexia compared with controls matched for age sampling. However, it remains undetermined whether
but not for reading level. Severe dyslexia was char- such deficits are already present in infancy, especially
acterized by lower rapid automatized naming (RAN) during the sensitive period when the auditory system
abilities compared with mild dyslexia, and phrasal CTS specializes in native phoneme perception. Because
lateralized to the right hemisphere in children with dyslexia is strongly hereditary, it is possible to exam-
mild dyslexia and all control groups but not in children ine infants for early predictors of the condition before
with severe dyslexia. Finally, an alteration in phrasal CTS detectable symptoms emerge. This study examines
was uncovered in children with dyslexia compared with low-level auditory temporal sampling in infants at

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