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used in the analysis. Furthermore, combining MEG and   INTRODUCTION Progression-free survival (PFS) in
            fMRI showed the potential for increased motor map-  glioma patients varies widely, even when stratifying for
            ping accuracy compared to when using the modalities   known predictors (i.e. age, molecular tumor subtype,
            separately.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01535430   presence of epilepsy, tumor grade and Karnofsky per-
            (clinicaltrials.gov).                              formance status). Neuronal activity has been shown to
                                                               accelerate tumor growth in an animal model, suggest-
            Keywords: BVS = blood vessel segmentation, DCS = direct   ing that brain activity may be valuable as a PFS predic-
            cortical stimulation, MEG, MEG = magnetoencephalog-  tor. We investigated whether postoperative oscillatory
            raphy, T1W = T1-weighted, brain mapping, brain tumor,   brain activity, assessed by resting-state magnetoen-
            eloquent, fMRI, fMRI = functional MRI              cephalography is of additional value when predicting
                                                               PFS in glioma patients.
            Neurosurgical focus (2020), Vol. 48, No. 2 (32006951) (12
            citations)                                         METHODS We included 27 patients with grade II-IV
                                                               gliomas. Each patient's oscillatory brain activity was
                                                               estimated by calculating broadband power (0.5-48 Hz)
            Postoperative oscillatory brain activity as an add-on   in 56 epochs of 3.27 s and averaged over 78 cortical
            prognostic marker in diffuse glioma (2020)         regions of the Automated Anatomical Labeling atlas.
                                                               Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to test
                                        Belgers, Vera; Numan, Tianne; Kulik, Shanna D;   the predictive value of broadband power towards PFS,
            Hillebrand, Arjan; de Witt Hamer, Philip C; Geurts,   adjusting for known predictors by backward elimina-
            Jeroen J G; Reijneveld, Jaap C; Wesseling, Pieter; Klein,   tion.
            Martin; Derks, Jolanda; Douw, Linda
                                                               RESULTS Higher broadband power predicted shorter
            Brain Tumor Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam   PFS after adjusting for known prognostic factors
            UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081   (n = 27; HR 2.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-
            HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Clinical Neurophysiology and   5.70); p = 0.022). Post-hoc univariate analysis showed
            MEG Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC,   that higher broadband power also predicted shorter
            Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV,   overall survival (OS; n = 38; HR 1.88 (95% CI 1.00-3.54);
            Amsterdam, Netherlands; Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuro-  p = 0.038).
            science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De
            Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Anatomy   CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that postopera-
            & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam   tive broadband power is of additional value in predict-
            UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117,   ing PFS beyond already known predictors.
            1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Neurology, Amsterdam
            Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amster-  Keywords: Beamforming, Glioma, Magnetoencephalogra-
            dam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands;   phy (MEG), Overall survival, Progression-free survival
            Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije
            Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amster-  Journal of neuro-oncology (2020), Vol. 147, No. 1
            dam, Netherlands; Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Neuro-  (31953611) (6 citations)
            science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De
            Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Depart-
            ment of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedi-
            cal Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th street,
            Charlestown, MA, USA. [email protected]










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