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CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest dysfunctional pre- Following a cohort of war-exposed children from early
attentive change-detection ability in patients with PD, childhood, we imaged the brains of 74 preadolescents
particularly in the IFG. (age 11-13 years; 39 war-exposed) during rest using
magnetoencephalography (MEG). A cumulative risk
Keywords: Inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), Magnetoencepha- index on oxytocin-pathway genes was constructed by
lography (MEG), Mismatch negativity (MMN), Panic combining single nucleotide polymorphisms on five
disorder (PD) genes previously linked with social deficits and psycho-
pathology; OXTR rs1042778, OXTR rs2254298, OX-
Journal of affective disorders (2021), Vol. 280, No. Pt A TRrs53576, CD38 rs3796863, and AVPR1A RS3. Avoidant
(33220556) (0 citations) response to trauma reminders in early childhood and
anxiety disorders in late childhood were assessed as
predictors of disruptions to DMN theta connectivity.
Cumulative Risk on Oxytocin-Pathway Genes Results: Higher vulnerability on oxytocin-pathway
Impairs Default Mode Network Connectivity in genes predicted greater disruptions to DMN theta con-
Trauma-Exposed Youth (2020) nectivity. Avoidant symptoms in early childhood and
generalized anxiety disorder in later childhood were
Zeev-Wolf, Maor; Levy, Jonathan; Ebstein, Richard P; related to impaired DMN connectivity. In combination,
Feldman, Ruth stress exposure, oxytocin-pathway genes, and stress-
related symptoms explained 24.6% of the variance in
Department of Education, Zlotowski Center for Neurosci- DMN connectivity, highlighting the significant effect
ence, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; of stress on the maturing brain. Conclusions: Findings
Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, are the first to link the oxytocin system and maturation
Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Department of Psychology, of the DMN, a core system sustaining autobiographical
National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Child memories, alteration of intrinsic and extrinsic attention,
Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States mentalization, and sense of self. Results suggest that
oxytocin may buffer the effects of chronic early stress
ABSTRACT Background: Although the default mode on the DMN, particularly theta rhythms that typify the
network (DMN) is a core network essential for brain developing brain.
functioning, little is known about its developmental
trajectory, particularly on factors associated with its Keywords: OXTR, anxiety disorders, genetics, longitudinal
coherence into a functional network. In light of adult studies, magnetoencephalography, trauma exposure
studies indicating DMN's susceptibility to stress-related
conditions, we examined links between variability on Frontiers in endocrinology (2020), Vol. 11 (32528417) (0
oxytocin-pathway genes and DMN connectivity in citations)
youth exposed to chronic war-related trauma Methods:

 ontents  Index 10
C