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University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Laboratory of Cogni- Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psy-
tive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedi- chosomatic and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, University of
cal Technology, Universidad Complutense and Universidad Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Experimental Neuropsychophar-
Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; IRCCS San Giovanni di macology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices
Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Memory Clinic and LANVIE (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM),
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurosciences and Depart-
and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department ment of Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University Medical School,
of Biophysics, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Izmir, Turkey; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases,
Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Translational Neuro- Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital,
pharmacology, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale Boston, MA, USA; Janssen Research & Development, Janssen
University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Institute Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium; Vertex Pharmaceuticals
of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Incorporated, Boston, MA, USA
Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de
l'hôpital, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle ABSTRACT Electrophysiology provides a real-time
épinière, ICM, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Université, Paris, readout of neural functions and network capability in
France; GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP- different brain states, on temporal (fractions of mil-
HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, Sorbonne liseconds) and spatial (micro, meso, and macro) scales
University, Paris, France; School of Computing, Electronics unmet by other methodologies. However, current
and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Plym- international guidelines do not endorse the use of
outh University, Plymouth, UK; School of Psychology, Univer- electroencephalographic (EEG)/magnetoencephalo-
sity of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Geriatric Psychiatry Division, graphic (MEG) biomarkers in clinical trials performed in
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), despite a surge
Canada; Mentis Cura ehf, Reykjavík, Iceland; Department of in recent validated evidence. This position paper of the
Bio and Brain Engineering/Program of Brain and Cognitive ISTAART Electrophysiology Professional Interest Area
Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Tech- endorses consolidated and translational electrophysio-
nology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea; Institute for Neurosci- logical techniques applied to both experimental animal
ence, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; IRCCS models of AD and patients, to probe the effects of AD
SDN, Napoli, Italy; Center of Neurosciences, Swammerdam neuropathology (i.e., brain amyloidosis, tauopathy, and
Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amster- neurodegeneration) on neurophysiological mecha-
dam, The Netherlands; School of Psychological Sciences and nisms underpinning neural excitation/inhibition and
Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK; Department neurotransmission as well as brain network dynamics,
of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, synchronization, and functional connectivity, reflecting
Italy; Clinica Neurologica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San thalamocortical and corticocortical residual capacity.
Martino, Genoa, Italy; UC Davis Department of Neurology, Converging evidence shows relationships between ab-
Center for Neuroscience, Davis, CA, USA; Gladstone Institute normalities in EEG/MEG markers and cognitive deficits
of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department in groups of AD patients at different disease stages. The
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Dublin, supporting evidence for the application of electrophys-
Dublin, Ireland; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy; RIKEN iology in AD clinical research as well as drug discovery
Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351- pathways warrants an international initiative to include
0198, Japan; Graduate School of Education, The University the use of EEG/MEG biomarkers in the main multi-
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; centric projects planned in AD patients, to produce
Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN, conclusive findings challenging the present regulatory
2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan; Faculty of requirements and guidelines for AD studies.
Physics, The University of Warsaw, Pasteur 5, 02-093 Warsaw,
Poland; A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Keywords: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Electroencephalog-
Kuopio, Finland; German Center for Neurodegenerative raphy and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG),
ontents Index 88
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